Every 4 seconds someone is diagnosed with alzheimer's disease It is known as a common cause of dementia affecting over 40 million people worldwide and yet finding a cure still allods researchers today Doctor Alois Alzheimer a german psychiatrist first described the symptoms in 1901 where a hospital patient had sleeping issues memory problems mood disorders and general confusion After the patient passed away he got to do an altosie to test his idea that perhaps her symptoms were caused by irregularities in the brain structure What he found were visible differences in brain tissue in the form of misfolded proteins called plaques in nurofibularie tangles Those plaques and tangles work together to break down the brain structure Plaques arise when another protein in the fatty membrane surrounding nerve cells get cut up by a particular enzyme resulting in betaamiloid protiens These are sticky and have a tendency to clump together that form what researchers know as plaques These clumps lock signaling and therefore communication between cells and also trigger emone reactions that cause destruction of disables nerve cells In this disease neurofibrillary tangles are built from a protein known as tau proteins
The brain's nerve cell contain a network of tubes that allow food molecules to pass through Usually the tau protein insulers that the tubes are straight letting molecules to pass through freely Alzheimer's disease makes the protein collapse into messy strands or tangles making the tubes disintegrate which prevents nutrients to get to the cells Leading to cells death The destruction starts in the region called the hippocampus which is responsible for forming memories Short term memory loss is usually the first symptom of alzheimer's In the early stages a person may function independently He or she can still drive work and be part of social activities Despite this the person may have memory lapses such as forgetting familiar words location of everyday objects and planning or organizing The proteins progressively invade other parts of the brain creating changes signaling stages of the disease Moderate Alzheimer s is typically the longest stage and can last for many years As the disease progresses the person with Alzheimer's will require a greater level of care
You may notice the person with Alzheimer's confusing words getting frustrated or angry or acting in unexpected ways such as refusing to bathe In the final stage of this disease individuals lose the ability to respond to their environment to carry on a conversation and eventually to control movement They may still say words or phrases but communicating becomes a challenge As memory and cognitive skills continue to worsen significant personality changes may take place and individuals need extensive help with daily activities Proteins destroy the ability to process logical thoughts They move to the region that controls emotions that result mood changes At the top of the brain they cause paranoia and hallucinations Once it reaches to the back of the brain the plaque and tangles work together to erase everything the deepest memories of the brain
The control center is overpowered which then shuts down your body completely Alzheimer's disease is not hereditary meaning not caused by the genes received from a person s parents Even if several members of a family have in the past been diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease this does not mean that another member of the family will necessarily develop it as the majority of cases of Alzheimer's disease are not genetic However it is now known that there is a gene that can affect this risk This gene is found on chromosome 19 is responsible for the production of a protein called apolipoprotein E Many mistaken dementia and alzheimer 's disease Dementia is a syndrome which is a group of symptoms that does not have a definitive diagnosis Dementia is a group of symptoms that affects mental cognitive tasks such as memory and reasoning Dementia is a term that Alzheimer's disease can fall under It can occur due to a variety of conditions the most common of which is Alzheimer's disease Unlike AD some cases of dementia are caused by medical conditions that can be treated and treatment can restore some or all mental function This disease has inspired researchers to look for a cure but are currently focused on slowing is progression
One temporary treatments reduces the break down of a acetylcholine an important chemical messenger in the brain which is decreased with alzheimer's patients due to the death of nerve cells that make it Another solution is a vaccine that trains your body s immune system to attack plaques before they can form clumps Families are just as well impacted from caring for a person with alzheimer's disease Primary caregivers have been called the second victims of Alzheimer's and families have been referred to as the invisible patients Progressive memory loss can impact families lives in a variety of challenging ways Costs associated with caring for a loved one with Alzheimer's disease are significant Direct costs include physician care diagnostic tests pharmaceuticals and personal home nursing care Indirect costs include loss of earnings by family caregivers as they relinquish or reduce employment and paid hours out of either choice or necessity Caregivers often lack social contact and support and as a result experience feelings of social isolation Caregivers tend to sacrifice their own leisure pursuits and hobbies reduce time with friends and family and give up or reduce employment in order to devote time to their loved one
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