Essay Example on Historically speaking stones have been the most used Material

Introduction Historically speaking stones have been the most used material for building monuments structures and edifices since the beginning of the civilized world Campbell DeRosa 2014 Stones are a long term material when they are properly applied Nevertheless the polluted atmosphere moistures acid rains and divers other factors alter the stone lead to a decreasing performance of the stone over the time Přikryl Török 2010 In addition by investigating the historic materials weaknesses altering them will emerge Therefore restoration needs for those rather materials can be highlighted Bolton 2014 Nonetheless the use of new materials in the restoration of the cultural heritage building is related to many problems On one hand the building restoration should respect traditions emphasise the physical and aesthetic aspects of the primary elements and materials In other words the synergies between old and new should be focused on the valorisation of the origins On the other hand an appropriate use of new materials should not damage the building when they are applied whereas effective criteria should influence the selection of materials which best fit with the requirements identified for the restoration Samukienė 2014 Evaluation 

Type of deterioration Building conservation philosophy ethics or principles must guide the restoration of a historical building Forster 2010 describes these ethics and principles Ethics broader issues or key concepts to be considered authenticity non distortion of evidence integrity avoidance of conjecture the need for incontestable evidence respect for age and historic patina respect for the contribution of all periods inseparable bond with setting rights of the indigenous community Principles specific criteria on which conservation works should be based minimal least intervention or conservative repair legibility honesty and distinguishability materials and techniques like for like materials reversibility documentation meticulous recording and documentation sustainability To determine the adequate treatment to a historic stone structure a preliminary work is needed such as an understanding of the history and condition of the structure Campbell De Rosa 2014 The environment of the historical building exposes them to several agents leads to alteration processes such as coatings stains and erosive features Alves Sanjurjo Sanchez 2015 Coatings or stains come from the fixation of exogenous matter a reaction between the pollutants and substrate and a biological colonisation For example the moisture inside the wall evaporates from the external face leaves behind waterborne salts Erosive features are a loss of material emanated from diverse causes such as chemical dissolution and crystallisation of soluble salts in the pore walls thus provoking physical disruption Campbell De Rosa 2014