I have always been intrigued by the question of sustainable development in the developing nations like my home country Kenya I have interrogated the causal factors which may have caused underdevelopment or lack of it It is this mystery filled with these unanswered questions that have borne the desire and enthusiasm to understand deeply what are the key issues and the development problems faced by the developing nations I am persuaded that an academic discourse would contribute to the building blocks towards answering these questions whose answers will have a ripple effect in my society The MSc Development Studies will build on my work experience and my undergraduate studies to offer me a theoretical framework to help me find these answers My Undergraduate studies in Environmental Science at Egerton University provided a comprehensive exposure to Environment and Development issues that are necessary for sustainable development My educational background and work experience have endowed me with knowledge and skills to pursue such a rigorous and challenging course at The School of Oriental and African Studies University of London I bring along with me a fundamental experience from the corporate and the NGO world as well as the desire to learn and zest for challenges The debates on linkages between environment and development have also intrigued and stimulated my passion for Development I have since become a close follower and avid reader of the environment governance and development issues and how they are interlinked I learnt that issues on global governance agenda are complex and cannot be managed unilaterally by states and therefore both the governments and Non Governmental organisations need to collaborate My volunteer stint with African Development Solutions ADESO gave me a unique opportunity to apply my knowledge base into a real life situation and added tremendous value towards the attainment of my professional goals
Abstract Our proposed work develops the security level in wireless sensor network for multicast communication by using Elliptic Curve Integration Encrypted Schema ECIES Firstly a wireless sensor network is constructed by initiator We focus to prolong the network lifetime of created Wireless Sensor Network The dynamically moving sensor nodes are grouped to form a multicast group and perform multicast communication An initiator creates the group and distributes the group key using proposed Elliptic Curve Integration Encrypted Schema ECIES Initiator encodes the EC point generates authentication code and uses digital signature for security On verification of responder secure is completed between initiator and responder We plot the graph for Packet Delivery Ratio Cost and Overhead of nodes 1 Introduction Wireless sensor networks WSN sometimes called wireless sensor and actuator networks WSAN are spatially distributed autonomous sensor to monitor physical or environmental conditions such as temperature sound pressure etc and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to other locations The more modern networks are bi directional also enabling control of sensor activity The development of wireless sensor networks was motivated by military applications such as battlefield surveillance today such networks are used in many industrial and consumer applications such as industrial process monitoring and control machine health monitoring and so on Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are used to transmit messages from sources to destinations They can be classified as unicast broadcast and multicast Unicast is used to send a message from one source to one destination i e One to One Broadcast is used to send a message from one source to all possible destinations i e One to All Multicast is used to send a message from one source to multiple destinations stating an interest in receiving the traffic i e One to Many Use of multicast is of great interest it is used to send the same report to several sinks Multicasting is introduced to reduce bandwidth consumption in the network for various applications which include data replication assignment of tasks and sending of commands to a specific group of sensors queries to multiple sensors etc In a sensor network there are many tiny nodes called the sensors which are deployed for the purposes to sense data and then to transmit the data to the nearby base station Sensor networks are mainly classified into two categories distributed and hierarchical In a hierarchical wireless sensor network HWSN there is a hierarchy among the nodes based on their capabilities base stations cluster heads and sensor nodes Sensor nodes are inexpensive limited capability and generic wireless devices
