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Polar codes have been considered as an important breakthrough in information theory mainly due to the fact that they are capable of achieving capacity with its explicit construction and low encoding and decoding complexity Polar codes are based on a novel concept of channel polarization introduced by Erdal Arikan Being probably the first-ever capacity-achieving codes polar codes have attracted increasing attention from both academia and industries That is why they have been selected as one of the most promising channel codes for the next-generation telecommunications standard 5G Let us consider a binary input discrete memoryless symmetric BI DMS channel The Channel Polarization technique creates N synthesized channels out of N identical copies of the given BI DMS channel The recursive structure of this transform manufactures polarized channels as N in the sense that they are either perfect or useless but nothing in between Once all channels get polarized there is no need to code anymore as one can directly transmit information bits over the perfect channels and dummy bits over the useless ones Although belonging to family of capacity-achieving codes with low encoding and decoding complexity polar codes suffer from certain drawbacks in practice
