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1 the peritumoral DRs positive for paracrine factors such as VEGF DRs VEGFD DRs ANGPT1 DRs and PDGFC DRs stained with EpCAM are observed in HBL and HCC 2 ANGPT1 DRs correlates closely with Ki67 DRs in HBL 3 Angiogenic maker expression of CD34 in DRs area is positively correlated with number of CD34 vessel and area of CD34 in intratumoral area in pediatric patient with liver tumors 4 There are positive correlation within DRs positive for paracrine factors Effects of age preoperative chemotherapy and gender of pediatric patients on DRs positive for paracrine factors are identified in this study 5 AS for relationship between DR for PF and tumor grade In the course of chronic cholestatic liver diseases cholangiocyte proliferation aims to repair and compensate for the anatomic and functional loss of injured ducts 1 In fact proliferating cholangiocytes display enhanced secretory activities by which they compensate for the impaired function of injured cells 2 4 In these pathologies HPC activation contributes to DRs 5 6 DRs is thought to arise due to a complex interaction between hepatocytes hepatic progenitor cells hepatic stellate cells and extracellular matrix as well as inflammatory cells and endothelial cells 7 In liver diseases condition it is known that DRs occurs in cholestatic diseases in inflammatory diseases and in conditions with massive loss of parenchyma 8 9 Furthermore a study suggests an important role of VEGFs in support the expansion of HPC niche by an autocrine and paracrine effects on neighboring cells stimulating the proliferation of HPCs and endothelial cells 11
