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Leptin is a versatile hormone that regulates several metabolic pathways such as controlling body weight feed intake energy expenditure immune function and reproduction In spite of exhaustive studies that performed on the bovine LEP gene no attempt has been made to comprehensively and systematically analyze its entire coding SNPs The present study was carried out to identify the most deleterious non synonymous SNPs nsSNPs of bovine LEP gene To predict the possible impact of missense mutations on leptin structure and function SNPs data that obtained from dbSNP database were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools The total nsSNPs that considered for the present study were 28 It was found that 9 nsSNPs including R66M H91N H91P A104V S162P D186Y D186G C191S and C191G in 6 amino acid positions were found to be deleterious and damaging by four common nsSNPs prediction tools and thus affecting leptin protein structure and biological activity I Mutant 2 eliminated two nsSNPs including S12P and D16Y since they increase protein stability upon mutation Further information regarding the residual deleterious nsSNPs showed that three of these variants including R66M C191S and C191G were confirmed that they were located in very high conserved positions and thus the mutations in these amino acids positions have deleterious evolutionary consequences The findings of the present study proved that R66M C191S and C191G nsSNPs have the most considerable deleterious consequences on both structure and function of bovine leptin
