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Health care is provided in facilities which range from highly equipped clinics and technologically advanced university hospitals to front line units with only basic facilities Despite progress in public health and hospital care infections continue to develop in hospitalized patients Health care associated infection HCAI in a health care setting is one of the major causes of death and increased morbidity among hospitalized patients It prolongs the hospital stay of affected patients and increases the cost of patient care The health care associated infections HCAIs were defined as a localized or systemic condition resulted from an adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent or its toxin CDC 2016 that occurs during a hospital admission 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge for which there is no evidence that the infection was present or incubating at admission Kouchak F et al 2010 The prevalence of HCAIs worldwide showed an increasing from 5 7 to 19 1 Yallew WW Kumie A Yehuala FM 2016 There are various factors why HCAIs are even more alarming in the 21st century which include regardless of the resources available prolonged and inappropriate use of invasive devices and antibiotics high risk and sophisticated procedures immunosuppression and other severe underlying patient conditions and insufficient application of standard and isolation precautions HCIAs are considered a major cause of preventable illnesses and deaths in hospitalized patients and their prevention and control have assumed a higher priority with respect to patient safety issues
