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1 Introduction and Clinical Features Chronic myeloid leukaemia CML is a cancer that affects both the blood and the bone marrow It is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of mature myeloid cells especially granulocytes and their precursors CML results from a reciprocal translocation of ABL gene chromosome 9 long arm to BCR chromosome 22 long arm i e t 9 22 q34 q11 2 with the resulting BCR ABL gene fusion creating the so called Philadelphia chromosome 1 2 This fusion results in a constitutive tyrosine kinase activity which leads to the phosphorylation and activation of various downstream proteins that promote cellular proliferation whilst inhibiting apoptosis 3 Approximately 15 of leukemias in adults are chronic myeloid leukemia CML with an incidence of 1 2 100 000 individuals 4 and a median age of diagnosis at 60 65 years 5 As much as 50 of patients with CML present asymptomatically and are diagnosed incidentally after routine check ups 6 Moreover even in symptomatic cases symptoms are not always specific For example around 50 to 75 of patients complain of left upper quadrant pain owing to splenomegaly Patients may also experience early satiety display symptoms of anemia and night sweats Other symptoms may include bleeding due to platelet dysfunction and thrombocytosis 6 7 A minority of patients 5 may present with hyperviscosity symptoms due to the high degree of leukocytosis 7 This review aims to compile and discuss current advancements in Nanomedicine in which nanoparticles are used as drug delivery systems for the treatment of CML Both the chemical properties of nanoparticles and their clinical applications will be detailed in this work 2 Conventional methods in CML treatment Advantages and drawbacks
