Introduction This research mainly centers upon the period between the years mass influx of African Americans to the cities and the Great Depression This thesis examines the case of Harlem in African American culture during the 1920s and 40s Finally it is aimed to clear up the period between these years The impacts of the Great Migration which experienced up to the 1920s the Harlem Renaissance which emerged from 1920 and the Great Depression which marked the era 1930s and 1940s on Harlem and African Americans are three aspects of this research Events such as the Great Migration Harlem Renaissance and the Great Depression which took place from the beginning of the 1900s until the 1950s contribute to find out Harlem s significant role in American culture This thesis focuses on the era of the 1920s through the 1940s Cultural boom in the 1920s and the 1930s and 1940s were marked by Great Depression culminating in worsening living conditions reveal the dual portrayal of Harlem as a cultural capital or a ghetto During the American Civil War Harlem witnessed many uprisings but also experienced the impacts of the economic development followed the end of the war Advancements were started shortly after the economic crisis of 1873 Large scale house construction in Harlem has been made and the railroad to Harlem has led to an increase in Harlem s population