All countriesWestern Europe · Country
ES
Spain
Plagiarism retractions per 100,000 publications, 2015–2024. Lower is better.
Rate / 100k
1.73
95% CI 1.2–2.5
Global rank
35/62
by rate (1 = highest)
Retractions
27
strict plagiarism findings
Publications
1560k
1,560,156 works
In context
Spain
1.7
Western Europe average
2.0
Global high · Pakistan
22.4
Spain sits at 8% of the global-high rate — well within the lower half of tracked countries.
These figures count detected and reported plagiarism retractions, not total plagiarism. Coverage reflects English-language-indexed journals; a country with stronger oversight may record more, not necessarily commit more. See the methodology for the full caveats.