Western Europe · Country

Italy

Plagiarism retractions per 100,000 publications, 2015–2024. Lower is better.

Rate / 100k

3.70

95% CI 2.9–4.7

Global rank

25/62

by rate (1 = highest)

Retractions

strict plagiarism findings

Publications

1731k

1,730,531 works

In context

Italy

3.7

Western Europe average

2.0

Global high · Pakistan

22.4

Italy sits at 17% of the global-high rate — well within the lower half of tracked countries.

Western Europe peers

GRGreece9.76 PTPortugal4.21 NLNetherlands2.27 GBUnited Kingdom1.78 ESSpain1.73 CHSwitzerland1.73 FRFrance1.60 DEGermany1.23

These figures count detected and reported plagiarism retractions, not total plagiarism. Coverage reflects English-language-indexed journals; a country with stronger oversight may record more, not necessarily commit more. See the methodology for the full caveats.

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