Essay Example on China has significantly improved its ICT and internet Infrastructure

Through its national strategy Decade of Innovations 2010 20 the government aims to strengthen S T capacities based on the strategy a strong and visible Science Research and Innovation System for High Technology led path for India SRISHTI The goal is to raise gross domestic expenditure on R D to 2 of GDP by 2020 The 12th Five Year Plan s 2012 17 overall emphasis was to reinforce India's education system boosting investment in S T and fostering translational research For India addressing societal challenges including the question of inclusiveness is of paramount importance India's 12th Five Year Plan seeks to address social challenges especially poverty and exclusion by catalyzing a growth process that will promote more inclusive and sustainable development The Department of Science Technology DST together with the Ministry of Human Resource Development MHRD have implemented a series of Impacting Research Innovation and Technology projects IMPRINT that will address major societal and developmental needs such as healthcare ICT energy sustainable habitat water resources and river systems security and defense and the environment and climate Inclusive innovation initiatives that focus on innovation outcomes which benefit poor and excluded groups in India receive particular attention as do the innovation activities of the poor themselves For this purpose India has setup Inclusive Innovation Fund and the National Innovation Foundation NIF to support grassroots innovators India also has a weak healthcare capacity Malnutrition the lack of infrastructure for sanitation and clean drinking water along with the shortage of health professionals all contribute to poor public health conditions The National Urban Health Mission has been approved in 2013 with a view to improving the health status of the urban population especially in slum areas by facilitating access to primary health care India also encourages the utilization of indigenous systems of medicine 

 The National Action Plan on Climate Change 2008 remains the policy framework to support the development of renewable energy e g solar technology and energy efficiency e g tradable energy savings certificates and incentives for adopting energy efficient appliances Efforts have been made in the agriculture and manufacturing sectors to develop climate resilient crops and green manufacturing facilities A joint R D initiative between the DST and the Ministry of Railways aims to develop alternate fuels and new technological solutions for fuel efficiency In 2015 the government launched the Swachh Bharat Mission with a view to cleaning up cities and villages improving hygiene waste management and sanitation systems and raising awareness among populations India s production has been shifting away from agriculture but mostly into services rather than manufacturing and the productivity of the manufacturing sector remains low The 2011 National Manufacturing Policy NMP and its subsequent revision in 2016 aims to drive the manufacturing sector's growth and increase its global competitiveness and environmental sustainability The policy addresses areas of regulation infrastructure skills technology development and finance availability The NMP aims at raising the share of manufacturing from 16 to 25 of GDP and creating 100 million new manufacturing jobs by 2022 by focusing on the development of capital goods industries labour intensive industries strategic industries and industries where India enjoys a competitive advantage like automobiles pharmaceuticals and medical equipment