Neoplasms are brain tumors that are located within the brain parenchyma These come from the meninges or cranial nerves and or the adjacent structures ex pituitary glands the skull Anatomical localization of a neoplasm is the most important thing when giving a diagnosis because you need this knowledge to be specific about the lesion CT availability has become the top choice of doctors across the world for first evaluations of patients who are suspected of having a neoplasm There is no CT routine that doctors use to detect all brain tumors so many times more than one CT at a different angle is needed for an accurate diagnosis Supratentorial Tumors are tumors that are intra axial Over seventy percent of adult tumors are supratentorial while seventy percent of children s tumors are infratentorial extra axial Glioblastoma Multiforme is a malignant tumor of astrocytic origins This is the most common type of glioma which forms above the tentorium and makes up about forty percent of supratentorial tumors These tumors are most likely to form between forty and sixty years of age The symptoms occur in short periods of time and cause the first examinations of these tumors to be about six months after they form Glioblastoma can form anywhere in the brain however the spread across both cerebral hemispheres over the corpus callosum is not uncommon Glioblastoma is characterized by it s ability to spread quickly through the brain CT scans of this type of tumor usually show the tumor margin to be slightly denser than the brain with small branches of white matter surrounding Enhanced contrast CT scans the tumor margins show to be irregular and inhomogeneous Mass effect is usually present in these lesions and displacement of the ventricular system is usual
There is often a distortion of the lateral ventricle on the side of the lesion Typically Glioblastoma tumors are vascular and have an irregular pattern of arteries and veins Contrast CT scans are now the leading method for investigating suspected supratentorial tumors especially Glioblastoma Astrocytoma is the second most common type of supratentorial tumor Astrocytoma also occurs above the tentorium and represents thirty two percent of all such tumors These tumors used to be rated on a scale of one to four with a higher number indicating a more malignant tumor This classification is used far less now and Astrocytomas are classified according to their cell line ex fibrillary protoplasmic However with the new and old scales classification is not unflawed because there are no lesions that are truly pure when it comes to their histology For these tumors symptoms are recognized for an average of three years before diagnosis Like Glioblastoma Astrocytoma can occur in any part of the brain Because of their topography these tumors are very diverse when it comes to their behavior and radiographic features In Astrocytomas large cysts are not uncommonly formed because the cystic element can dominate in both the pathologic and radiographic parts of the lesion Calcification can be found in about fifteen percent of these tumors These lesions are more likely to be found in children and many of the affected people will have neurofibromatosis that is associated with this lesion Depending on the size of the lesion regular CT scans may show the mass and the distortion of the ventricular system In smaller lesions the mass may be harder to detect on CT scans because the degree of contrast depends on the malignancy of the tumor Oligodendrogliomas make up about seven percent of supratentorial tumors Most are found in adults with the average time of diagnosis being thirty five years of age These tumors grow slowly and the symptoms before diagnosis commonly occur for eleven years or more These tumors are exclusive to the cerebral hemispheres with there being a predilection for the frontal lobes Because of its slow growth calcification is frequent with the calcium being distributed as irregular strands Much like Astrocytoma calcification of other types may also occur causing the calcification to not help during a diagnosis Because of the lack of neovascularity what the doctors see in the CT scan is often only a small change from the normal brain when looking at lower grade tumors of this kind making it extremely hard to identify these tumors Meningiomas are extra axial tumors that come from the arachnoid with the majority of these being benign Common Meningiomas are located along the superior sagittal sinus usually in the posterior frontal and parietal areas and around the convexities of the cerebral hemispheres near the midline
These tumors also commonly form near the region of the tuberculum sellae along the olfactory groove along the edges of the sphenoidal ridge and less frequently along along the margins of the falx cerebri and tentorium Meningiomas vary in shape anywhere from a flat growth to a blob looking configuration Meningiomas get majority of their blood supply from arteries that are normally at that site Malignant types of this tumor can act as a parasite to the arteries adjacent to the brain causing problems for the patient Meningiomas that form near bones excite an osseous response hyperostosis and can invade the bones that are near it however the bones are rarely completely destroyed by the soft tissue mass
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