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225The protocols have a higher layer use to handle errors establish connection and guarantee package delivery of the Transmission Control Protocol IPv4 addresses are 32 bit length addresses and approximately 4 3 billion unique internet addresses available IPv4 involves of five classes A B C D and E Class A B and C specify the different length of host and network For Class A network 10 is used for Class B network 172 16 to 172 31 is used for C networks 192 168 0 to 192 168 255 is used in the private network Shiranzaei and Khan Individual IPv4 address could be in any one of five states address allocating to RIRs IPv4 was written as four separate 8 bit numbers which is separated by dots or periods The World Wide Web was introduced in the early part of the 1990 s which led to a wide growth on the Internet Many devices including the computers connected to the Internet Network Specialist was prepared for the extreme use of all available IP addresses As the Internet grew an Internet Provider obtain address space from an address registry based on customers requirements The private IP addresses use three blocks of the IP address space for private internets 10 0 0 0 to 10 255 255 25 172 16 0 0 to 172 31 255 255 192 168 0 0 to 192 168 255 255 The demand of IPv4 is extremely in high demand therefore the strategies can t be met Users of devices stay connected to the internet making it perplexed for address sharing as a solution to lack of availability for IP addresses
Internet Protocol IPv6 is the next generation developed by the IETF in RFC 2460 in 1991 and published by 1997 The creation of IPv6 was to increase network address space by increasing its address size from 32 bits to 128 bits Additionally IPv6 has features including making IP addresses easier to use hosting identification part of the address integrating network security into the protocol and multicasting The IPv6 128 bits network prefix are in eight groups of four hexadecimal digits separated by colons The address usually shortened if the rules for compressing the block of zero to single zero The IPv6 addressing structure is designed to provide compatibility with existing IPv4 networks and allows the existence of both networks Babatunde Al Debagy 2014 Unicast addresses are divided into two 64 bit segments which specify a unique device for IPv6 There are two segments the network prefix and the interface identifier The use of mobile nodes allows IPv6 to change its location without any drops in the IP address Ipv6 quality differ in comparison to IPv4 protocol
Of its long and repetitive use the IPv6 specification have two rules for the format IPv6 only hosts can reach corresponding IPv4 only nodes on the Global internet Being on a v6 only environment does not isolate the hosts from the rest of the Internet Applications not yet IPv6 ready can be run over IPv6 only hosts and networks Network is configured for IPv6 only A cloud consumer is generally granted very limited administrative control over a SaaS implementation It is most often provisioned by the cloud provider but it can be legally owned by whichever entity assumes the cloud service owner role For example an organization acting as a cloud consumer while using and working with a PaaS environment can build a cloud service that it decides to deploy in that same environment as a SaaS offering The same organization then effectively assumes the cloud provider role as the SaaS based cloud service is made available to other organizations that act as cloud consumers when using that cloud service Thomas Erl Puttini Ricardo Mahmood Zaigham 2018 January
