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185Positive ads advertising that highlights a candidates qualifications family and positions in a positive light without referencing the opponent These are significant because they highlight a candidates positive qualities Mostly used by incumbents Bush v Gore 2000 Gore wanted a recount of the votes in Florida and Florida authorized the recount This is significant because it used the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment to stop the hand counting recount Swing States A state that votes differently all the time whether it be democrat or republican in presidential elections This is significant because you can never count on these states to vote the way you think they may McCain Feingold Bill BCRA McCain lost to Bush because he outspent him He created this bill in order to eliminate soft money campaigning Limited hard money donations to 2 000 per candidate This is significant because it was created so an election outcome like this wouldn't happen again Contrast ads compares the proposals of one candidate to the other with a favoritism towards the sponsor
This is significant because so much money has been spent on campaigning they are trying to find ways to limit it Political Action Committee PAC These are groups that were created and organized for receiving donations and directly or indirectly contributing money to the campaigns These are significant because they represent the interest groups in the political process while raising money to elect and defeat candidates War Chest These are funds collected by the candidates that can be spent on campaigns Usually collected by an incumbent or provided by a wealthy candidate to himself This is significant because a win or loss will often depend on this amount Citizens United v FEC 2010 Citizens United was a conservative non profit organization They released a negative documentary about Hillary Clinton and the case was to see whether the film could be defined as electioneering communication under BCRA The court ruled that government cannot restrict independent expenditures for communications because it would violate the free speech clause of the 1st amendment This was significant because it protected the peoples first amendment rights McCutcheon v FEC 2014 Established two kinds of limits for campaign contributors This is significant because the court ruled that political contributions are protected by the first amendment however Congress may regulate campaign contributions to protect against corruption