Essay Example on Research streams are that an adequate financial Arrangement

The Betton themes that emerge from these research streams are that an adequate financial arrangement vital Economic reform privatization in road sense can be defined as the renewal of the economic arrangement that regulate economic cooperation and North 1990 Scott 1995 Economic reforms have in genie take in three forms depending on the privacy of the country Movement from high state interference to low state interference in the economy which possessed capitalist countries such as the UK and Spain undergone in the 1980s and 1990s Baily 1986 Peltzman 1989 Winston 1993 1998 Transformation of socialist based or command based economic arrangement towards capitalist based or display based ones as the case of former Soviet Block Asunder Boonem and Johnson 1996 Blanchard 1997 Brada 1996 Peng 2000 Sachs 1996 Svenjar 2002 Reinstate rant of import substitution policies with more open display models of economic models of economic process as took place in much of Latin America and South Asia during 1990s Bruton 1998 Dornbusch 1992 Dewards 1993 Rein hard and Peres 2000 Sachs and Warner 1995 In these all three categories of redeem the basic objective is to reduce the government interference the economy Three forms of redeem were taken for reduction in tendency of government interference in economy were Privatization Vickers 1988 Zahra et al 2000 Deregulation Winston 1993 1998 Liberalization Cooper 1982 Norman Thisee 1996 

There are two brad views about government involvement in financial systems around the world i e the development view and the political view The development view as advocated by Gerashchenko 1962 states that governments can intervene through their financial institutions to direct savings of the people towards developmental sectors in countries where financial institutions are not adequately developed to channel resources into productive sectors Gerschenkron s view was part of a broader consensus in development economics that favoured government ownership of enterprise in strategic economic sectors Realizing this importance of financial sector in economic development governments in developing countries sought to increase their ownership of banks and other financial institutions in the 1960s and 1970s in order to direct credit towards priority sectors Contrary to this view in recent year a new political view of government ownership has evolved which asserts that state control of finance through banks and other institutions politicizes allocation for the sake of getting votes or bribes for office holders and thereby results in lower economic efficiency Barth et al 2001 using cross country data on comerica bank regulation and ownership from over 60 countries find that state ownership of banks is negatively associated with bank performance and overall financial sector development and does not reduce the likelihood of financial crises It is vital to help the efficiency of the firm operating within an economy 

The very few research study have been reported on this study around the globe and two to three studies have been conducted in Pakistan with this regard but the methodology and sample size as well as the target banks are different from that banks on which research study were already carried out This mentioned discussion show a clear gap for the researcher to carry out research on those banks which are not previously included in research Impact on efficiency Mukherjee et al 2001 has examine the relationship between firm performance and strategic group for 68 Indian banks They have used the financial variables like deposits net profits advances interest income and non interest income spread as output banks Inputs include net worth operating expenses number of employees borrowing of the bank and number of bank branches jemric and Vujcic 2002 have used the DEA approach to reckon the efficiency of 48 Croatian commercial banks