Customarily the architectural engineering and construction AEC industry utilizes several project delivery methods such as design build design bid build and construction manager at risk CM R There are well documented issues with the traditional delivery methods listed above leaving the industry searching for more cost effective innovative approaches and techniques to deliver projects faster The UK construction strategy published in May 2011 called for the digital transformation of the construction industry as a result of inefficiency within the industry by mandating the implementation of information rich data on government procured projects A fundamental principle required by building information modelling BIM is the collaboration of disciplines involved in the project including architects engineers contractors and surveyors at early project stages This method of construction BIM offers a quicker and more efficient method of delivering a project Within a global context the rise in the adaptation of Building information modelling BIM is increasing at a rapid rate due to rising expenditure and investment in construction industry BusinessWiRe 2017 By April 2016 the use of building information modelling had risen by 13 in the United Kingdom according to BuildingTalk 2016 and 28 member states in the European Union have called for the adoption of BIM on publicly funded projects GEOBIM EUROPE 2015 With the advancement in technology specialization of the industry and uprise in the adaptation of collaborative approaches in recent years a new method of project delivery to improve cost schedule and quality of projects has surfaced It is arguable that the ultimate objective of implementing building information modelling BIM is the adoption of integrated project delivery IPD
Although IPD has several perceived benefits the project delivery method has a rather slow adaptation rate in the industry and there have been many research papers investigating the reason for slow adaption of IPD in the industry The overall aim of this research paper is to attempt answering the following questions What is an integrated approach to project delivery What are the drivers enablers and challenges barriers to an integrated approach to project delivery What is the potential and way forward for industry adoption of an integrated approach to project delivery 2 1 Background Several professionals industry journals and reports have noted the inefficiencies of the AEC industry compared to other industries for example car manufacturing Lichtig 2006 argued that most projects run over budget over schedule and lack in quality The Latham report 1994 labeled the construction industry as ineffective adversarial fragmented and incapable of delivering for its customers Egan 1998 further buttressed that point by suggesting the construction industry was massively underperforming Golter Heller 2008 described the AEC industry as an immense aggregation of cottage industries painting a descriptive image of highly qualified professionals working independently lacking any form of collaboration in communication management or technology As a new method of delivering projects integrated project delivery IPD endeavors to tackle head on the problems of inefficiency waste and adversarial relationships within the AEC industry
The delivery method aims to enhance project outcomes with the use of a collaborative approach that incorporates the expertise of project teams during early stages of the project to align the motivation and goals of the team ADTF 2006 Prior researchers carried out by scholars in the industry have identified benefits and challenges of the adaptation of IPD to project delivery Becerik Gerber and Kent 2010 identified barriers obstructing rampant implementation of the method and how the barriers have led the inception period to last longer than normal 3 0 Literature Review 3 1 Traditional Methods of Project Delivery The fragmented processes involved with traditional project delivery methods impede the integration of construction knowledge amongst contractors decreasing the opportunity to impact design decisions Failure of contractor considerations in the design stage of a project ultimately leads to delays scheduling problems and disputes during the project life cycle MohdNawi Baluch Bahauddin 2016 Figure 1 below illustrates the workflow of design bid build and design build One of the traditional project delivery methods adopted by the construction industry is Design Bid Build As at 2013 it was recorded that about 57 of non-residential projects use the design bid build method compared to 38 that use the design build method DBIA 2014 According to Ribeiro 1998 the design bid build delivery process allows for little designer builder interaction
The delivery approach calls for the owner clients to engage different individual organizations for the production of design cost advice and construction The method is ill fitted to managing projects of multidisciplinary teams due to the following reasons I project phases are managed differently II information owned and created by individual organizations aren t shared to all project participants III paramount emphasis is placed on control rather than value addition or proactive management Dal Gallo and Wilson 2017 explained that the design and build method offers the potential for a more collaborative approach to project delivery that the industry needs compared to design bid build However that perception was contradicted in research carried out by Moore and Dainty 2000 which revealed that the Design and Build method actually fails to produce an integrated culture due to the division of responsibilities of key project stakeholders Dal Gallo et al 2017 also argued that the biggest problem with design and build is the lack of input from the building team and lack of collaboration between contractors and designers during the design stage since the major cost saving decisions are made in the design stages of a project Other investigations carried out by Chan and Yu 2005 and Hampton 2001 expand further on the problem under the umbrella of design management challenges They explained the coloration between lack of collaboration and interoperability and how it leads to challenges when managing a design or design team
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