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403The fertility of the Nile Valley and extensive irrigation systems enabled the Egyptians to reap large harvests Because farmers produced more food than they needed for themselves many of them became craftsmen or traders as well as farmers Trade reached its height during the New Kingdom when Egypt controlled the trade routes of the Near East Egyptian ships carried products such as wheat and linens across the Mediterranean to Europe and Asia returning with lumber and metal weapons which Egypt did not manufacture Conclusion The civilization of Ancient Egypt is known for its stunning achievements in a whole array of fields It was a great civilization which produced wonderful art architecture engineering literature medicine etc The wide range of highly developed practical techniques these involved were transmitted to other peoples and later cultures The civilization of Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest in world history It is usually held to have begun from about 5000 B C E to around 3100 BCE when the lower Nile Valley became unified under a single ruler Narmes also known as MENES Despite times of relative disruption during the different periods life was unusually stable and secure