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317Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that most directly affects the pancreas the glandular organ which produces a hormone called insulin This hormone lets the blood sugar into the body's cells to use as energy Diabetics bodies either do not produce enough insulin or the insulin it makes cannot be used properly Diabetes mellitus includes Type 1 and Type 2 There is also Gestational Diabetes and Prediabetes prediabetes not yet having levels high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes Diabetes CDC 2017 Diabetes Gene Found That Causes Low and High Blood Sugar Levels in the Same Family Researches found new genetic information that could potentially lead to development in treatment of diabetes They studied individuals in the same family with tumors which caused low blood sugar levels which contrasts with high blood sugar levels caused by diabetes This researched proves that the same gene defect can have an impact on the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas leading to two opposing medical conditions A gene called MAFA was identified which is responsible for the production of insulin in beta cells This gene was found to be defective and was linked to diabetes Queen Mary University of London 2018 Characteristics and Symptoms Frequent urination especially at night Very thirsty Weight loss without trying Hunger Blurred vision Numb or tingling hands or feet Fatigue Very dry skin Slow healing sores Frequent infections Diabetes CDC 2017 Type 1 Nausea stomach pains
This can develop at any age but usually when you are a child teen or young adult It can present itself as the flu in the beginning but is diagnosed with a fasting blood glucose test an oral glucose tolerance test a random blood glucose test or a glycated hemoglobin HbA1c test JDRF Type 2 The symptoms develop over several years but it usually starts as an adult Diabetes CDC 2017 This is diagnosed with an A1C test a fasting plasma glucose test or a random plasma glucose test NIDDK 2016 A common health issue associated with diabetes is foot problems This can include neuropathy nerve damage skin changes such as dryness or cracking calluses foot ulcers and poor circulation Improper care of these issues can potentially lead to amputation in diabetics Diabetes 2016 Cause of Diabetes Risk Factors Type 1 Thought to be caused by an immune reaction where the body attacks itself Diabetes CDC 2017 Antibodies become autoantibodies attacking the body's own tissue leading to this disease Diabetes takes years to develop with these autoantibodies in their systems years before a diabetes diagnosis Risk factors typically need to be inherited from both parents Risk factors include cold weather viruses early diet where diabetes is less common in those who were breastfed first and ate solid foods at a later age ADA 2017 Type 2 Caused by being overweight eating an unhealthy diet and having poor exercise habits Type 2 diabetes can be passed down from parents to children especially considering similar lifestyle habits Genetics play a role in addition to lifestyle with genes affecting the function of the beta cells in the pancreas and the processing of insulin NIH 2017 Treatment Prevention Type 1 There is currently no prevention for Type 1 diabetes Treatment includes daily insulin injections usually twice daily or in the form of syringes pens or insulin pumps and self monitoring of blood and glucose levels Diabetes CDC 2017 Other medications include
www niddk nih gov health information diabetes overview tests diagnosis Foot Complications American Diabetes Association 5 Feb 2016 www diabetes org living with diabetes complications foot complications referrer https 2F 2Fwww google com 2F Genetics of Diabetes American Diabetes Association 27 Jan 2017 www diabetes org diabetes basics genetics of diabetes html referrer https 2F 2Fwww google com 2F Queen Mary University of London Diabetes gene found that causes low and high blood sugar levels in the same family ScienceDaily ScienceDaily 15 January 2018 www sciencedaily com releases 2018 01 180115154556 htm Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Education Online dtc ucsf edu types of diabetes type2 treatment of type 2 diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Treatments JDRF www jdrf org about what is t1d treatment Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Management Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Management Approach Considerations Self Monitoring of Glucose Levels Continuous Glucose Monitoring 22 Dec 2017 emedicine medscape com article 117739 treatment Type 2 Diabetes Genetics Home Reference U S National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Nov 2017 ghr nlm nih gov condition type 2 diabetes resources